This is an example of a reflex, which is an involuntary muscular response elicited by the rubber hammer tapping the associated tendon. When reflex responses are absent this could be a clue that the spinal cord, nerve root, peripheral nerve, or muscle has been damaged.
In our discussion we will examine four major reflexes that are integrated within the spinal cord: the stretch reflex, the Golgi tendon reflex, the withdrawal reflex and the crossed extensor reflex. In a normal test, your knee will extend and lift your foot a little. A decreased or absent reflex may mean that there is compression in the L2, L3, or L4 region. In reaction these muscles contract, and the contraction tends to straighten the leg in a kicking motion.
Exaggeration or absence of the reaction suggests that there may be damage to the central nervous system.
The knee jerk can also be helpful in recognizing thyroid disease. A the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella B lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements C cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together D the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly.
A cavities lined with cartilage B small sacs containing synovial fluid C semilunar cartilage pads D tendon sheaths. A tend to run parallel to one another B are also called collateral ligaments C prevent hyperextension of the knee D assist in defining the range of motion of the leg. The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called:.
A cruciate ligaments B patellar ligaments C anterior ligaments D tibial collateral ligaments. A immovable joints are called amphiarthroses B all synovial joints are freely movable C synarthrotic joints are slightly movable D in cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
A amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility B interphalangeal joints C joints that permit angular movements D cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones. A the knee and elbow B the ankle and wrist C the hip and shoulder D intercarpal and intertarsal joints. A hyaline cartilage B synovial membranes C fibrocartilage D tendon sheaths. A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a:.
A the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends B the radius and ulna along its length C between the vertebrae D between the humerus and the glenoid cavity. A the head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process B the greater tubercule of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula C the rotator cuff is responsible for flexible extensions at the elbow joint D the annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? A pivot, hinge, and ball and socket B symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular C hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal D sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. A are found at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone B are cartilaginous joints C permit essentially no movement D have large joint cavities. Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces.
Name the bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint. A the scaphoid of the index finger and the triquetral of the middle finger B the trapezium of the ring finger and the capitate of the fourth finger C the scaphoid of the middle finger and lunate of the index finger D the trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal. A in the skull only B in areas most prone to fracture C where functionally it is amphiarthrotic D in areas where bones have not yet closed.
When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane, it is called:. A gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints B gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs C gliding movements are multiaxial D an example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.
A they allow movement only in one plane B they allow movement in several planes C they occur only between bones with flat articular processes D they change increase or decrease the angle between two bones. A common due to the weight-bearing the hip endures B rare because of the ligament reinforcement C common in all people who are overweight D rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint. A excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints B a disorder in the body's immune system resulting in destruction of joints C a thickening of the synovial membrane and a decrease in fluid production D a bacterial infection in the bursae.
If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a n :. A sesamoid bone found at a joint B cavity within a long bone C small sac containing fluid D articular cartilage. A Slow oxidative , fatigue-resistant fibers B Fast oxidative or glycolytic , fatigable fibers.
When a muscle fiber contracts, the I band diminish in size, the H zones disappear, and the A bands move closer together but do not diminish in length. Sign in. Helpfulness: 0. Set Details Share. Subjects: biology. Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? Patellar ligament. It contains hyaluronic acid. Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called: A menisci B bursae C ligaments D tendons. Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to: A attach tendons B produce red blood cells hemopoiesis C provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints D form the synovial membrane.
Provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints. Tendon sheaths A act as friction-reducing structures B are lined with dense irregular connective tissue C form channels for tendons D help anchor th etendon to the muscle. Act as friction-reducing structures. Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate. Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include: A the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella B lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements C cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together D the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly.
Menisci refer to: A cavities lined with cartilage B small sacs containing synovial fluid C semilunar cartilage pads D tendon sheaths. The cruciate ligaments of the knee: A tend to run parallel to one another B are also called collateral ligaments C prevent hyperextension of the knee D assist in defining the range of motion of the leg.
A annular B ulnar collateral C radial collateral D iliofemoral. The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called: A cruciate ligaments B patellar ligaments C anterior ligaments D tibial collateral ligaments. Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are: A amphiarthroses B synarthroses C diarthroses D synovial joints.
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
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